波音737NG飞机大气数据探头自动加温功能测试的替代方法研究

根据波音AMM手册要求,在更换波音737NG飞机上的大气数据系统传感器后,需通过试车测试其自动加温功能。本文研究了波音737NG飞机大气数据系统探头自动加温的工作原理,并提出避免试车的解决方案。     

多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法

提出了一种多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法。首先,在纵向平面内规划满足航程与终端约束的纵向标称轨迹。随后,在采用轨迹跟踪律跟踪纵向标称轨迹的同时,运用考虑初始横侧向状态的多边界航向偏差角走廊策略控制飞行器的横侧向机动,以满足到达时间约束与终端约束,进而实现单枚飞行器到达时间约束下的轨迹规划。在此基础上,完成了飞行器的到达时间分布与飞行能力分析,给出了最小与最大到达时间的分析计算方法,并根据多飞行器协同再入的任务需求完成了协同飞行时间决策。最后,多飞行器协同再入与扰动条件下的仿真结果表明,该方法能够规划出满足到达时间与终端约束的协同再入轨迹,具备良好的计算精度与鲁棒性。     

有翼再入飞行器气动外形集成设计优化

气动外形设计是有翼再入飞行器（RV-W）的关键技术之一。分析了气动参数对再入飞行性能的影响,探讨了有翼再入飞行器气动外形设计的规律和准则。基于上述设计准则,以类X-37B飞行器为研究对象,集成几何参数化建模、气动力、气动热、热防护等学科快速分析方法,采用多学科设计优化方法,以最优气动特性为目标对飞行器气动外形进行了优化;得到优化气动外形后,对飞行器热防护系统（TPS）进行了轻量化设计优化。结果表明,优化外形的气动特性相比初始外形得到了较大的提升,设计优化得到的热防护系统重量占比（8.7%）优于同类飞行器的热防护系统重量占比统计数据,说明了本文有翼再入飞行器气动外形集成设计优化方法的有效性,可为同类飞行器提供参考。     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

超声速串列静叶积叠优化分析

在进口超声速、气流转折角大的高负荷条件下,静叶通道中激波强度高,激波、附面层干扰引起的损失大,且静叶中三维流动引起的径向载荷分布不均匀,易产生角区分离。叶片积叠优化是提高风扇性能的一项有效技术。采用数值模拟的方式研究了不同积叠形式对优化串列静叶沿展向激波结构,改善叶排间流动匹配的作用。三维流动对比分析可以得出:高负荷串列静叶采用正弓形积叠,叶片展向载荷分布合理,静叶端壁角区分离损失减小,前后叶片排流动匹配较好,风扇性能进一步提高。     

三维数模随动下的机翼结构重量优化

目前,基于快速建模下的重量重心估算系统得到了快速发展。为了进一步提高结构重量估算精度,研究了如何在重量重心快速分析(WCGA)系统环境中构建优化模块。以机翼结构重量优化为例,提出优化流程,对优化模块功能进行分解,给出模型简化要求。以A320飞机机翼为例,对梁和长桁进行优化,结果显示,经过优化,有效减轻了结构重量,且相比于传统的减重优化设计方法,极大提高了计算效率。     

飞机液压系统动态油温计算方法优化

分析了动态油温计算方法的不足,将此方法中的液压油箱计算模型加以优化得到改进的动态油温计算方法,基于功率损失法给出了飞机液压系统中四种典型液压附件的温度计算方程。以某航空液压泵地面试验系统为计算实例,将改进方法计算的结果与试验结果、改进前方法的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明改进的动态油温计算方法相比改进前的方法具有更高的准确度。     

复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化法

通过采用辅助层压板和添加极小弹性模量材料的复合材料加筋壁板有限元建模方法,应用MSC．PAT－RAN／NASTRAN的参数化建模与遗传算法相结合的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化方法,对复合材料T型加筋壁板进行了从2000 N／mm到6000 N／mm压缩载荷下的结构优化分析。提出的基于参数化模型和遗传算法的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化法分为壁板级优化和层压板级优化两部分,在壁板级优化得到最优的结构尺寸参数,在层板级优化得到最优的层压板铺层顺序。